Web 2.0
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Web 2.0 is a conceptual term applied to the emergence of a new way of using and thinking about the web. The term was first used in 1999, but it did not become widely used until 2004 after a conference on the topic was hosted by Tim O'Reilly.
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History
In her article Fragmented Future, Darcy DiNucci (1999) foresaw the future of the web. She writes:
- "The Web we know now, which loads into a browser window in essentially static screenfuls, is only an embryo of the Web to come. The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop. The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will [...] appear on your computer screen, [...] on your TV set [...] your car dashboard [...] your cell phone [...] hand-held game machines [...] maybe even your microwave oven."
Web 2.0 emerged during the time of the dot-com bubble burst. By the end of 2002, more than $5 trillion was lost due to over speculation of the value of web based businesses on the NASDAQ [1].
Still, over 50% of dot-coms survived the burst[2], and, as DiNucci (1999) predicted, webpages began the transformation from static to interactive.
As usage of the term began to spread, O'Reilly called a conference [3] in 2004 to hash out, debate and discuss it's meaning.
Defining Characteristics
According to O'Reilly (2005) [4] web pages and companies that are truly classifiable as 'Web 2.0' exhibit a number of core competencies.
- Services, not packaged software or platforms [5]
- Control over unique, hard to recreate data sources [6]
- Users as co-developers [7]
- Collective intelligence [8]
- Leveraging the long tail [9]
- Software above the level of a single device [10]
- Lightweight user interfaces, development models, and business models [11]
Tools & Technologies
Criticism
Web 3.0
References
Wikipedia: Web 2.0
Tim O'Reilly: What is Web 2.0
Darcy DiNucci: Fragmented Future
Charles Leadbeater: History of Web 2.0
