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\section{Creating innovative assessment items and test forms}

Scalise, K. (2012). "Creating innovative assessment items and test forms." In R. Lissitz \& H. Jiao (Eds.) Computers and their impact on state assessment: Recent history and predictions for the future (pp. 133-155). Charlotte, North Carolina: Information Age publishing.

Reviews 8 examples of innovative assessments (3 digital simulations; 3 digital games; and 2 that explore innovations such as behavioral observation/biometrics/information foraging/crowd sourcing/collaborative assessment). The last two are more interesting because they break the typical digital assessment format: Intel???s Tabletop Simulations and Eye Tracking in reading assessments. Intel???s Tabletop Simulations have students do hands-on work with the technology recording and observing (using a webcam) as a form of performance assessment. The Eye Tracking in reading assessments provide data on reading patterns and focal points ??? in these assessments, diagnostic profiles reveal where students reading approaches can be improved and indicate substantially different patterns between readers. The article also presents a ???Intermediate constraint taxonomy for e-learning assessment questions and tasks??? (IC taxonomy) chart to list out the 7 types of assessment formats and 4 levels of complexity. This article also defines innovative assessment items to be ???in context, with properties to include being a useful or potentially useful form distal to, or different from, current or standard assessment design practices in context??? (pg. 149). She also lists 3 aspects that a software product needs to engage in before it is considered engaging in assessment practice: (a) collecting evidence (information/observations); (b) designed knowing the goals and objectives of the assessment; and (c) inferences such as generating score/proficiency estimate/diagnostic profile. These three aspects can be summed as ???collective evidence designed to make an inference??? (pg. 134).

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